Lung Cancer: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer is a disease where cells in the lungs grow out of control. These cells can form a lump, called a tumor. Over time, the tumor can spread to other parts of the body. Because lung cancer is common worldwide, it is important to know its signs and risks. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), lung cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths. Early detection can help improve treatment outcomes.

Common Symptoms of Lung Cancer

Lung cancer symptoms can be mild at first. However, they often become more noticeable as the disease grows. Early signs of lung cancer may be easy to miss. Still, knowing what to look for can help you seek care sooner. Common symptoms include:

Persistent cough that does not go away

Coughing up blood or rust-colored spit

Shortness of breath

Chest pain that worsens with deep breathing or coughing

Hoarseness or voice changes

Unexplained weight loss

Loss of appetite

Feeling tired or weak

Frequent lung infections, such as pneumonia or bronchitis

Sometimes, these symptoms can be caused by other health problems. Even so, it is best to talk to a doctor if you notice any of them.

Causes and Risk Factors

Lung cancer has several known causes and risk factors. Understanding these can help you lower your risk. The main causes include:

Smoking: Most lung cancer cases are linked to smoking tobacco. Even secondhand smoke can increase your risk.

Exposure to harmful substances: Breathing in asbestos, radon gas, or certain chemicals at work can raise your risk.

Family history: If a close family member had lung cancer, your risk may be higher.

Air pollution: Living in areas with high air pollution can also increase risk.

Previous lung disease: Some lung diseases, like chronic bronchitis, may make lung cancer more likely.

Not everyone with these risk factors will get lung cancer. However, avoiding tobacco and harmful exposures can help protect your lungs.

How Lung Cancer is Diagnosed

Doctors use several tests to diagnose lung cancer. First, they may ask about your symptoms and medical history. Next, they may perform a physical exam. If lung cancer is suspected, your doctor may order:

Imaging tests: Chest X-rays or CT scans can show tumors or changes in the lungs.

Sputum test: Examining mucus you cough up can help find cancer cells.

Biopsy: A small sample of lung tissue is removed and checked for cancer cells.

Blood tests: These can help check your overall health and look for signs of cancer.

Early lung cancer diagnosis can improve treatment success. Therefore, talk to your doctor if you have symptoms or risk factors.

Treatment Options for Lung Cancer

Lung cancer treatment options depend on the type and stage of cancer. Your overall health also matters. Common treatments include:

Surgery: Doctors may remove part or all of the affected lung.

Chemotherapy: Medicines are used to kill cancer cells throughout the body.

Radiation therapy: High-energy rays target and destroy cancer cells.

Targeted therapy: These drugs attack specific changes in cancer cells.

Immunotherapy: This treatment helps your immune system fight cancer.

Sometimes, doctors use a mix of these treatments. Your care team will help choose the best plan for you. New treatments are always being studied, so options may improve over time.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While not all lung cancer can be prevented, you can lower your risk. Here are some helpful tips:

Do not smoke. If you do, try to quit as soon as possible.

Avoid secondhand smoke whenever you can.

Test your home for radon gas, especially in high-risk areas.

Wear protective gear if you work with harmful chemicals.

Eat a healthy diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables.

Exercise regularly to keep your lungs strong.

See your doctor for regular check-ups, especially if you have risk factors.

Making these changes can help protect your lungs and overall health.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice any symptoms of lung cancer, such as a persistent cough lasting more than three weeks, coughing up blood, or chest pain, don’t ignore them. Early signs of lung cancer can be subtle, but quick action can make a significant difference in outcomes. If you have risk factors, regular check-ups are also essential.

Consult a healthcare specialist at Dr. Medihub Clinics for personalized advice, diagnosis, and treatment options for lung cancer.

Your health matters—schedule your consultation today.